If there is one thing that holds so many people back from attempting new things, embracing their full potential as well as living their lives fully is the fact that they fear making mistakes. Whether it is a wrong decision or an ill-timed step, we dread making an error and failing because of how it would make us look or the outcome it would produce. We try to play it safe as much as possible and resist anything that will involve risks. Deep down though, we know that if we want to grow, advance and succeed at anything, there are no short cuts, no way we can avoid risks. What we can do though is to change how we view mistakes and failures, so they stop having so much power over our actions.
When I came across Alina Tugend’s book – “Better by Mistake: The Unexpected Benefits of Being Wrong”, I knew I had to speak with her and share her brilliant work with you. I know many can benefit from her work and I am so honored that she decided to pay us a visit here at The Wise Leap. I am very appreciative of her time and grateful that our paths crossed.
Alina Tugend is a talented Journalist, Poet, Public Speaker and a Writer. She has also written for other newspapers, such as the Los Angeles Times,The Boston Globe, the San Francisco Chronicle and numerous magazines including National Journal, Government Executive,Parents,More, Child, the Columbia Journalism Review and the American Journalism Review. Tugend was a featured writer for The New York Times Practical Guide to Practically Everything — the Essential Companion for Everyday Life. In March 2011, Tugend published her first book, Better by Mistake: The Unexpected Benefits of Being Wrong.
1. Welcome to The Wise Leap Alina, please introduce yourself and your work to our audience?
AT : Hi there. I’ve been a journalist for the past 30 years, covering everything from environment to education to legal issues. For the past seven years I’ve written the biweekly ShortCuts column for the New York Times. I’m also the parenting columnist for Worth magazine.
2. You wrote a fascinating book called – “Better by Mistake: The Unexpected Benefits of Being Wrong”, what inspired you to write this book and would you please share a little bit about it?
AT : Thank you! I wrote the book after making a mistake in one of the columns I write for the New York Times. It was a small mistake, but I had to run a public correction. I was angry with myself, and it started me wondering – why when we’re young we’re taught we learn by making mistakes, but as we get older, we hate and dread them.
So I interviewed some researchers about mistakes and wrote another column about that. It really resonated with readers, and eventually grew into my book, which looks at many aspects of mistakes: how as parents and teachers we teach children to either avoid or accept mistakes; what we can learn from those in high-risk fields like aviation and medicine about handling errors; what businesses know and don’t know about mistake-acceptance; how gender and culture affect our views on mistakes; and what constitutes a really good apology – and what doesn’t.
3. While researching the book, what were your findings with regards to the reasons why people are afraid of making mistakes?
AT : People are afraid to make mistakes when they think they make them look dumb. And too often in our society we associate mistakes with being wrong. Let me briefly refer to research by Carol Dweck, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, who has done some fascinating work in the area of mistakes. Professor Dweck says when people have a fixed mindset – that is when people think they are either good at something, whether it be baseball or math or art – or not, then they believe mistakes serve no purpose. But, those with what Professor Dweck calls a growth mindset believe that we can constantly develop our potential in any area. Then mistakes serve a critical function, because it’s how we learn. I’m not saying we all have the same abilities and talent, but too often we sell ourselves short, assuming we can’t possibly develop and learn in areas we really can. But we have to be willing to take risks, to move out of our comfort zone – to mess up and try again and mess up again.
4. Mistakes and Success often don’t go hand in hand or so we’ve been taught. I find companies have this unsaid often unrealistic expectation almost where there is no room for making errors in workplace, in other words they require 100% perfection, what do you have to say about it? How should employers and employees approach making a mistake?
AT : Good question. You’re right, too often there is this “zero tolerance” for mistakes, which is unrealistic and causes morale to suffer. Mistakes and success, in fact do go hand-in-hand. As I said before, to be creative and to learn new skills and tasks, people have to be allowed to make mistakes. Too often employers either tell employees they can’t make mistakes, or they send a mixed message that it’s okay to blunder, but then punish those who do. Now, I’m not advocating that people be allowed to make the same mistake over and over, or get off scott-free if they are continuously screwing up, but if people are terrified of being humiliated – or fired – if they ever err, they will never take risks. They won’t try creative new approaches. And research has shown us that when workers are not just allowed but encouraged to make mistakes when learning something new, they not only learn faster, but more deeply.
5. In your book/article you say “We grow up with a mixed message: Making mistakes is a necessary learning tool, but we should avoid them.” Would you please share with us how this happens and impacts our adult life?
AT: Yes. A friend of mine loves to tell the story of picking up her son from kindergarten and asking what he learned that day. “Nothing,” he said. “Nothing?” she asked, surprised. “No, because my teacher said we learn by making mistakes and I didn’t make any today.” I think that’s a great anecdote. This little boy took to heart that we have to make mistakes to develop and grow. But as we get older, unfortunately what start to matter more and more are results rather than the process. That means we care more about grades and test scores, for example, then the actual process of learning. We want to get A’s, and that can be more important than really understanding the material. One definition of “to err” is “to wander or stray” and often in life that’s what we need to do. But if we are terrified of making mistakes, we will do everything to avoid them. People who are highly perfectionist, experiments have shown, can be worse at writing than those lower in perfectionism. Why? Because highly perfectionist people don’t practice because they hate making mistakes, and they fear negative feedback, so they don’t learn to improve. Avoiding mistakes that help us learn and grow means, well, that we don’t learn and grow. And that’s a shame.
6. Would you please share what are the unexpected benefits of being wrong?
AT: Teflon, penicillin — these are examples of great discoveries made by mistake. As Albert Einstein, who said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.”
Experiments with schoolchildren who did well on a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one. On the other hand, children praised for trying hard — rather than being smart — far more often selected the more difficult task.
Also If we’re only concerned about getting the right answer, we don’t always learn the underlying concepts that help us truly understand whatever we’re trying to figure out. Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned. To quote another brilliant man, Thomas Edison: “I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward.”
Mistakes can also help us change deeply embedded norms. It was discovered in aviation, for example, that accidents sometimes occurred because junior pilots were afraid to correct more senior pilots when they mishandled problems; the same is true in fields such as medicine. By examining why those accidents happened, experts figured out ways to develop more flexible hierarchies, which creates better work environments overall.
7. Can a person be successful and make mistakes at the same time?
AT: Absolutely. Look at some of the most successful people in the world. I quoted Einstein and Edison above, who made lots of mistakes. A more recent example is Steve Jobs, who made plenty of mistakes, but is considered one of the greatest inventors of our time. Bill Gates Is another incredibly successful person who constantly talks about how people have to make mistakes into order to really succeed.
8. How should a person view being wrong and making errors?
AT: We should view mistakes, first of all, as inevitable. We can, and should, strive for excellence, but if we aim for perfectionism, we will always fall short. I’m not saying we should love mistakes – I’m still not thrilled when I screw up in some way – but I’ve learned to be kinder to myself about it. I also know that if I never take any risks or try anything new, I’ll make fewer mistakes, but lead a much duller life. The goal is not to be perfect, but to know how to fail, err, come back, work harder, fall down, and get up again. It’s called resilience and everyone, from child-development experts to employers, know that it’s probably the single most important difference between those who accomplish their goals and those who don’t. So think about how resilient you are, not how perfect.
9. And finally where can people purchase your book and contact you?
AT: It is available, now in paperback, everywhere – independent bookstores, Amazon, Barnes & Noble. You can read about my book and many of my articles at www.alinatugend.com






















